By definition, Conditioning is the process of learning associations (Associative Learning) and anticipating events based on what is learned. Russian scientist, Ivan Pavlov became famous for experimenting with this idea. His experiments used dogs who responded to the sound of a bell associated with food. The goals of these experiments were to gain better understanding of learning.
During the experiment, Pavlov first rang a bell then blew meat powder in the mouth of the dog. This made the dog salivate naturally. Soon though, the dogs began salivating just upon hearing the bell ring, without even receiving food.
Pavlov then found that an Unconditioned Response (the salivating) paired with an Unconditioned Stimulus (the bell), eventually led to learning with a Conditioned Response and a Conditioned Stimulus (salivating at the sound of a bell).
it was also discovered though that when learning is discontinued, the conditioned response becomes less and less present, eventually going away, which is called Extinction. But this can be counteracted by Spontaneous Recovery which is the reappearance of a certain response after a time of no conditioning, which shows that Extinction is not completely present.
(Charline)
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